The List pre-production

Risk assessment.

 

Location Releases

Talent Releases

Shot list

Storyboards

Creative Enterprise Portfolio

Unilever rebranding advert. Production name - Magnum Virus

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This is a script called 'The List"

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This is an image from one of my shoots in Photography.

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https://eastnorfolk-my.sharepoint.com/:w:/g/personal/53465_eastnorfolk_ac_uk/Ebc1O7ZaSRJKsKtI-vqxQkoBlpxS7orMfaNM-HJUUZYNwA?e=eqDvSC

This is a link to a 6-point analysis I did for Art and design.

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This was from a studio shoot for getting used to lighting.
( https://photos.app.goo.gl/jCMtuBNsAVaSJrD36 (full shoot))

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This was a 90 second short we made for the depict competition.

Technical Skills Development

Paragraph 1: Camera

- What task were you set?

To shoot a video about a bad situation, we came up with something that we called bad grade.Bad grade focused on a character who was the only one to get a bad grade and trying to capture the emotions that that situation brings out.

- What role(s) did you undertake during filming?

I mainly operated the camera, which meant I moved around to wear ever the camera was supposed to be according to the shot list.

- What was the end result?



The finished video isn't the best this is mainly down to the shoots with key items like a master shoot being just simply forgotten and there being some issues with the framing and some continuity errors that could have easily been avoided.

- What did you learn from the filming project?

I learned that master shots can help avoid multiple problems like continuity, as it gives an overlook of the hole set and simple closeups can also help avoid errors as you can cut away when the error occurs.

- What, if anything, did you learn from the DSLR workshop?

The DSLR workshop was mostly a refresher for me but completing the pull focus correctly was very satisfying when done right and I could see how useful it could be as an effect in a video.

Paragraph 2: Lighting

- What tasks were you set?

A lighting practice sheet



- What role(s) did you undertake during the lighting task?

I helped set up and move the lights around the room and then whilst shooting i was changing the lights to gain the desired effect we were going for .

- What was the end result?

The photos we managed to collect during the shoot are very good with each lighting effect having at least one good image for each. The only one that isn't the best is the Cucoloris (cookie) and this is because of one the shape and I think that to get it to look really good it would take some fine tuning on size and complexity of the shape that is used.








https://photos.app.goo.gl/jCMtuBNsAVaSJrD36


- What did you learn from the lighting project?

I learned how to use the studio lights as I haven't delved into that part of film or photography, and playing around with the different gels and finding that some our very faint whilst others our extremely bold.

- What, if anything, did you learn from the lighting workshop (using the lights as a group)?

Basically everything during the lighting workshop was new to me but even after the first little bit it was very simple to understand. One thing that is interesting is changing the brightness and warmth of the light can change the look of an image a lot.

Paragraph 3: Sound

- What tasks were you set?

We were set a task from a script so we could test our audio skills.

- What role(s) did you undertake during the sound recording session?

We all during the audio task tried both handling the boom poll with the directional mic on top also having it connected to a power supply.

- What was the end result?

https://clyp.it/user/zbrqfbvc

We collected a few different audio tracks which have some with a wind muffle (dead cat) and one without.

- What did you learn from the sound project?

I learnt how to set up boom mic fully, even though its very simple as the male and female cables can only interact with the opposite cable, this makes it easy to figure out which cable goes into which bit of each device.

Research Portfolio

- Primary Research -

This is the Questionnaire our group conducted for the TV advisement unit, And a survey I made during my documentary unit.


( L.Lanham  http://online.fliphtml5.com/klrrd/rxrn/ (29/01/2020))

This is Primary research because its a survey that we conducted and made using survey monkey, we made sure it had a mixture of qualitative and quantitative to get a diverse range of answers. This is also a form of Market research as we our looking into peoples thoughts on our finished product.

Documentary survey:
https://www.surveymonkey.co.uk/r/ZXDK2HT
(L.Lanham (29/01/2020)

These our a talent release and an email response that I received from the council. These our primary research because they were both collected by me, with the talent release I handed the form out to make sure that the participant was alright to be in the production.


Thoughts on bucket lists and reasons why from a 17 year old and an 18 year old respectively.




When I was coming up with idea for my screenplay I asked people on what they thought about bucket lists this helped me form ideas for what to put on the bucket list and also the tone of which I should potion the screenplay at.

- Secondary Research -

Unilever re rebrand v2 

This is my Unilever re branding pitch. This all used secondary research as we didn't make any of the adverts featured or personally conduct any of the research.  I also looked on Unilever website for details about there brand and to decide on what product to rebrand. I also looked at BARB to gain knowledge on where the advert would be best placed on TV,  I also looked at the BCAP code to make sure that any of the plans in my advert didn't go against any advertisement rules.
https://www.asa.org.uk/codes-and-rulings/advertising-codes/broadcast-code.html (27/03/2020)
https://www.barb.co.uk/ (27/03/2020)
https://www.unilever.co.uk/about/who-we-are/introduction-to-unilever/ (27/03/2020)

https://lukelanhamfilmandtv.blogspot.com/2019/02/youtube-release-date-23-march-2018.html

( L.Lanham (29/01/2020))

This is a link to my TV advert analysis of a magnum advert. I did this as I was trying to identify Magnums current target audience so I could target someone else.

https://lukelanhamfilmandtv.blogspot.com/2019/06/pre-production.html

( L.Lanham (29/01/2020))

This is a link to all of my pre-production and research that I conducted for my documentary.

- Quantitative Research -

Pages 1-3 our all example of quantitative research from the TV advert unit. This is because graphs can be easily made out of the information.

- Qualitative Research -

Pages 4 - 7 our all examples of Qualitative research from the TV advert unit. This is because they are open ended questions.

https://lukelanhamfilmandtv.blogspot.com/2019/06/pre-production.html
This is the research that I did for my 3MW.

- Production Research -

This is the Pre-production that I did for my Documentary it includes Talent releases and a location release. These our good examples because they our all fully redacted to protect the users personal information.

You complete Pre-production to ensure that you have covered yourself from arguments and it helps to spot potential problems with shooting locations.

https://lukelanhamfilmandtv.blogspot.com/2019/05/magnum-virus-pre-production.html
This is the The Pre-production that we did for our Magnum Virus advert with recces, location releases, talent releases, budget sheet and a risk assessment.

Single Camera Techniques

Single Camera Techniques


Intro

In this essay, I will be looking at everything to do with single-camera productions and all of the
techniques that come with making a single camera production. I will be looking at the camera,
lighting, sound, editing single cameras use in genres and formats. I will also look into the
advantages and disadvantages of a Multi-camera production.

Camera - how is the camera and the footage shot / obtained

For the majority of single-camera productions, only a single camera is used and only more tricky
and demanding shoots will use more than one camera due to it being easier to get a good shot
without the risk of messing up or a continuity error if it was tried again, as it would be incredibly
time absorbing to re set up a set after it had been trashed for example in 'Citizen Kane' (Citizen
Kane room trash Susan Alexander). Many directors will favour using a single camera as they
gain more control over what the camera actually does, and often allows them to get into almost
any shooting location. In single-camera productions, scenes will be recorded multiple times
across multiple takes from a few different angles. Single-camera and multi-camera productions
might not be much difference in pricing when using film stock as either way you will be using a
lot on film which costs a lot but with the move to more digital storage methods using a single
camera or multi-camera production a lot more affordable. 'While the "single-camera" label is a
misnomer — such shows often use more than one single camera — the key element is that the
show is shot much more like a film, without a live audience.' (https://screencraft.org/2016/06/21/differences-single-camera-multi-camera-tv-pilot-scripts/)


Lighting

When making a single camera production lighting is more simple compared to a multi-camera,
as you can individually light each shot because it only needs to look good in one camera
compared to 4 cameras where each cameras lighting has to look the same. Lighting for a single
camera is time-consuming as each individual shot has to have a different lighting setup meaning
the movement of all the lights to keep the shots consistent but this does enable for an overall
more stylistic effect. When lighting for a single camera production you won't need quite as much
light, this can help give it a more realistic feel rather than a flat feel that the lighting for a multi-
camera can sometimes emit. Lighting a single camera production can enable for a style to be
implemented by the filmmaker. This lighting setup would be fairly basic lighting setup for a shot
which lights one side of the face and leaves the other side in shadow, other than the little amount
of light that will be reflected off the reflector, and it will also leave the back of the shot in
shadow.

These two images both show a multi-camera production with one or two cameras point at the
presenters and at least another two above the table creating a bird's eye view. The amount of
cameras is the reason why the shots need to be well lit, in these cases three strong key lights
illuminate the shoot with minimal shadows being left, this done to make sure each shoot looks
the same no matter what camera we are looking down.

This is a lighting setup for a single camera production, it is only using one light in this example
this will be down to the style of shoot a director wants with plenty of shadows and tones being
cast over sections of the subjects face and background.

A multi-camera production will need more lights like in this example where there are 3 giant
lights that flood the set with light to enable the main camera that captures the people and then the
3 special cameras for capturing the specific crafts that are shown on this kind of production. The
cameras that our providing the bird's eye view of what they're doing on the table require the high
amount of light to enable them to to be able to pick up all the details and because they are also
most likely digital cameras they will require more light than a traditional film camera.


Sound

When making your own single-camera production you might just decide to use the built-in audio
from the camera but this isn't good enough. To avoid using the built-in audio of a camera in a
single-camera production you will normally use a central or directional microphone normally
plugged into a form of external mics, sometimes a boom mic will be used as this allows for the
microphone to get nice and close to the action without being visible as its above shot and can
capture sometimes better quality audio than a directional mic, but using a boom mic or a
directional mic will need to operate with a pretty steady hand as often takes can take a few
minutes and the mic has to stay in an exact location or move with a character without ever being
seen on camera. An audio track will be started a few seconds before the actual video has been
started this enables the audio and video to be synced far more easily. Some sounds in films our
added during post-production with foley artists being employed to create the specific sound
effects that are needed for each film. In some productions, certain mics will be hidden away for
example in Citizen Kane they had them installed above the fake ceiling.

In this shot, we see the fake ceilings that were used in Citizen Kane. the ceilings look solid but
are actually made of cloth making it easy for lighting and microphones to be hidden away.

Boom mic and operator.

An external microphone.

Sometimes a microphone is visible in a shoot this isn't normal but their our a few actions where
it is acceptable, for example, if the scene shows a report it would be strange if a form of
microphone wasn't visible in the shot.

Horns (2013) Daniel Radcliffe, the scene with the reporters

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qq7q8u2YAAE

Editing

Each location in either a single or multi-camera production is filmed at the same time instead of
following the story as its shown on screen as this would increase the cost of the production and
wouldn't make any sense as you would have to go back and forward and would be constantly
setting up and tearing down sets. Live productions our often edited live as otherwise, it would be
a bit boring being stuck on the same angle, Live productions our almost always multi-camera as
this enables them to be mixed live (edited) for example The X Factor where there will be
different shots that focus on the audience to the contestants to the judges.





The X Factor auditions might not be edited live as they are pre-recorded so could be changed
afterwards but there is probably some form of live editing happening which is then touched up
before it goes out but the finals will all be mixed live as they are completely live. When filming
you capture a lot of footage that can then be hard to find when it comes to editing and this is why
shot logs our used as it makes it easy to identify certain clips and gives each shot a description
which enables the editor to pick the best one just by reading through the shot log.

Multi-camera productions will have far more wasted footage than a single camera production
this is simply because you have more than one camera rolling. The use of a single camera can
help continuity as its a very small proportion of a room that is in frame and is easy to look back
on if something needs to be filmed again, compared to a multi-camera where a whole room will
be captured so any retakes have to be put back to the exact start position. A multi-camera setup
will help you gain coverage a lot quicker as you get a lot of angles and shoot types caught at
once and not individually which is the case for a single camera.



The first 4 minutes of this video shows a selection of scenes that didn't make the cut of the final
film but are often included in the DVD release of the film as its extra content that otherwise
wouldn't have been seen, also in some of these scenes characters suits are not finished and this is
down to it being a visual effect and if they decided the shot wasn't going to be used there is no
point animating it.

Single camera genres 

Period drama

Period dramas are often filmed using a single camera, period dramas often have vast sets and
props and costumes to really draw the audience in this is why a single camera works well as it
also enables them to light the piece in a way that makes it look like any given time frame.
Poldark for example where it is mostly set outside on the coast and this means that because of the
weather it would be harder to have many more than one camera and all the other shooting
equipment setup as it would take time to dismantle and could cause damages, also using a single
camera means that it can be placed in more places that are smaller like small paths or small
building. They also always have a very cinematic feel as a lot of work goes into costumes and
locations which all adds to a cinematic feel.




Crime Drama

Crime dramas use a single camera for most of the same reasons as a period drama but for an
instant, Sherlock which uses a single camera has long tracking shots where it follows a character
around and this wouldn't be possible if they were using multiple cameras. These also often look
very cinematic this is down to being able to change lighting because of it only being a single
camera.






Horror

Single cameras our used in horrors to create a sense of reality, which helps the scare's become
more realist and unpredictable. It also helps the lighting as you can create more dramatic lighting
that helps portray a more dark effect or a creepy feel that helps engage the viewer. Using a single
camera in a horror can also help an actor get into character as they just have to avoid looking at
that one area and it also confines the audiences view meaning that there is less chance of the
audience knowing when the next scare is coming from. Horror is the place where the deployment
of a single camera can shine as you are lighting for one camera you only have to position one
camera which means the possibilities are endless and glorious effects can be created to suit the
kind of horror film you are going for. One of the main lighting techniques in Horror is called the
chiaroscuro which is just harsh lights, this kind of lighting isn't possible in a multi-camera as
everything has to be lit so much more.

Comedy

If a comedy is filmed in a studio with a live audience behind the camera like Friends or Mrs
brown boys then you get instant laughter and it can feel more like a live show and because of the
feel, they try to create when they make it live they use a multi-camera setup as then the live
audience isn't distracted by a cameraman constantly walking around, you can see in the studios
that most rooms that are shown are from the same angle as the camera is fixed in position and
will probably just pan if needed but sometimes a hand-held camera will be used to create an
effect.





Soap opera

Majority of soap operas our filmed using multi-camera techniques because of the speed they
pump out episodes. Eastenders airs 4 times a week (Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday) So
they need to complete each take in as little takes as possible so that they can get a whole episode
produced and released on time. Some of the indoor shoots might be using only a single camera
due to the small spaces that some of the rooms have.



The set of Eastenders is set up constantly, as it needs to have a feel of reality.

Multi-camera techniques, Eastenders currently is shot in HD as they do not want people to
realise that the set isn't very modern as it was first built in 1984 and was supposed to be used for
only 3 years but Soon a new set that will look the same will be finished and will enable them to
film in HD. Certain shots will be filmed out of the set and for those shots, a single camera is
probably used as it does not enable much setup, in soups every little decision is down to get the
production time down to a minimum due to them airing four, 30 minute episodes a week.

Soaps come under the serial format as they do not have a set end date and have multiple episodes
airing each week this is why filming speed but also they have to be edited quickly this can be
done through a form of live editing but in the case of a soap that doesn't come live this will be
doe after filming and is most likely the part that takes the longest, this is why soaps can be up to
6 months ahead in filming on certain scenes.

Formats

Series on netflix

Series

Depending on what a series is showing some will be single camera and others will be multi-
camera, as when you are making a series you are making a set number of episodes this enables
more time to be spent on each shoot and really refining down certain things. Things like Game of
Thrones our series as they ran for a set number of episodes over 8 different seasons/series.
Things like Game of Thrones will use multiple cameras for most of its shots down to the high
action that is captured in most of its shoots. Whereas something like Sherlock which is shoot
using mainly one camera due to the constant fast-paced nature and travelling around multiple
areas it's easier for them to use a single camera setup.

British Soaps

Serial

A serial is a show that doesn't have a set end date, so it will run until it is cancelled. Soup operas
our a good example for this as they run for a week in week out and only aren't shown if a
sporting event is on. Most serials will use Multi-camera techniques as when you're showing a
minimum of 4 episodes a week then speed is everything so you can't be held up by having to use
one camera to film the same scene multiple times.

The Cyberbully

Single Drama

Single Dramas are often short and will be only one episode with a single story and these will
mostly use single-camera production, as this enables them to use any locations and leaves them
with no limits

If I had a choice in choosing what either single camera or multi-camera, I think that I would pick
single camera as I think that it opens up a lot of opportunities like more movement and also
greatly increases the number of creative ways the film can be filmed which overall would give a
film a better look.

Citizen Kane (Welles, 1914)

Narrative summary of ‘Citizen Kane’                           

At the start of the film we see the death of Kane in his mega mansion of Xanadu, with his last words being ‘Rosebud’ he says this as he drops a small snow globe with a tiny wooden house inside. We see a news real of the life of Kane but it ended with the team who is making it looking for something else and they start the search for what the term rosebud meant. We then start to follow his life from the start through the stories people who knew Kane, they our being interviewed and questioned by a journalist. We first see the real wooden house of Kane’s childhood where we see his parents arguing and organising for him to be taken with thatcher to educate him because a mine they had taken over had just been found to have a lot of gold meaning that in later life Kane would become incredibly wealthy at the age of 25, Kane didn't want this and struck him with his Sled in anger, Their also seems to be some anger from the dad about all that was happening. Kane then gains full control of his trust fund. One of Kane's first thing is buying the New York Inquirer and made some fairly scandalous stories that were published mainly about the Thatchers business. Kane did have to sell control back to the thatchers because of the financial crisis in 1929. We then go back to the present, Thompson interviews Mr. Bernstein (business manager) who recalls how he brought in the best journalists for the Inquirer. Kane manipulated the public through his newspaper and his first marriage to Emily Norton who was the niece of the united states president. Thompson then interviewed Kane's best friend Jedediah Leland at a retirement home. Leland recalls how Kane's marriage to Emily slowly deteriorated and how a simple mud splat started an affair with Susan Alexander, at the same time he was running for governor of New York. Kane's wife and main political partner found out and consistently a public scandal ruined all of Kane's chances. Leland (Kane's best friend ) asks to be transferred to Chicago to in a way get away from Kane. Kane ends up marrying Susan, Kane then pushes Susan into a singing/opera career which is met with huge criticism. Leland starts to rebel and writes bad things about Susan's career which ends up getting him fires. We then finally meet Susan who agrees to be questioned by Thompson, she talks about her failed opera career with a few of the shots being repeated from Kane's perspective but from a different angle. We find out that Susan tried to commit suicide this finally stops Kane from forcing her into a singing career. Kane and Susan move to Kane's mega mansion of Xanadu where they live out a boring a dull life. We find out that Susan left Xanadu through Kane's butler Raymond who says that after Susan left he became angry and started to trash the room in front of everyone, Kane calms down a bit and picks up one thing the snow globe that we see at the start of the film and he quotes “rosebud” again. Thompson gives up on trying to find out what Rosebud meant and decides that it will stay an enigma. We then our shown Xanadu where we see staff burning worthless items one of which is a sled very similar to the sled at the start of the film which has the word “Rosebud” written on it, this we then can infer that Kane just wanted true love a thing that he only had with his mum which was taken away from him.

I like the scene where it shows all of the belongings that have been gathered from around Xanadu as it has such a large scale showing off size and wealth but in a more secret and sneaky way. It also shows that he didn't spend money on people and that he just spent money on things like statue.

One of the first scenes in the film is just before the report is sent out to find out what rosebud. Lighting brings this scene alive as it gives the person standing up authority and the person sat down feel like he's being told off and the lighting is helped by the use of the smoke filled room which really amplifies the lighting effect.

The scene where we see the snow globe fall off right at the start seem insignificant at first but then we realize that it is the whole significance of the film and the thing we our chasing, the simple 3 shot sequence helps make the point quick and dramatic. This scene has simple snow transitions that make you feel like the snow globe has a much bigger role than just a random item.







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Camera were hidden in the floor to get low angle shot. These were used to give the character power and authority.because of the cameras bulk this was the only way to get a shot that was so low.

Special experimental lenses were used to make the Foreground, mid ground, background all appear in perfect focus this was also helped by the intense amount of lighting that was used the further back someone was. This specific shot was actually two with Kane being one and Leland being in a completely different shot the seam line being just to the right of Kane's shoulder this was because of the lighting challenges of the shot and the fact that he wanted it to all be in focus.  

The statue is a miniature this is done to save costs but the first time you watch you have no idea because of the way the shot flows down in one seamless motion. Rooms were often drawings these were used to create the scale of a giant room even if they were in a fairly small sound stage.